Nano Radio Technology Solutions

Friday, May 28, 2010

Less than two weeks after a team of scientists created a nanoscale radio component, scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have gone one better -- announcing the creation of the world's first complete nanoradio.

The breakthrough nanoradio consists of a single carbon-nanotube molecule that serves simultaneously as all the essential components of a radio -- antenna, tunable band-pass filter, amplifier and demodulator. Physicist Alex Zettl led the development team, and graduate student Kenneth Jensen built the radio.

"I'm totally amazed that it works so well," says Zettl. "Making individual components are good breakthroughs, but the holy grail was putting it all together. So we're ecstatic that we were able to achieve that full integration."

The radio opens the possibility of creating radio-controlled interfaces on the subcellular scale, which may have applications in the areas of medical and sensor technology.

Nanoelectronic systems are considered crucial to the continued miniaturization of electronic devices, and it's becoming a hot research and investment arena. Two weeks ago, a team at the University of California at Irvine announced the development of a nanoscale demodulator, an essential component of a radio.

The number of consumer products using nanotechnology -- from the iPhone to home pregnancy testing kits -- has soared from 212 to well over 500, according to the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies' online inventory of manufacturer-identified nanotech goods in March 2006.

The nanoradio is less than one micron long and only 10 nanometers wide -- or one ten-thousandth the width of a human hair -- making it the smallest radio ever created.

The researchers' paper was published at the American Chemical Society's Nano Letters website.

The first transmission received by the nanoradio was an FM broadcast of Eric Clapton's "Layla." (The lab has posted video of that moment.) The Clapton classic was quickly followed by the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations" and Handel's Largo from the opera Xerxes -- the first piece of music broadcast by radio, on Dec. 24, 1906.

The nanoradio's amplifier operates on the same principles as vacuum-tube radios from the 1940s and early '50s, says Zettl.

"We've come full circle. We're using the old vacuum-tube principle of having electrons jump off the tip of the nanotube onto another electrode, rather than the conventional solid-state transistor principle," says Zettl.

The electronic properties of this electron-emitting nanotube function as the radio's demodulator -- making a complete radio possible within a single molecule.

The audio quality "can be very good," says Zettl, but if you listen closely, some unique effects of the radio's tiny size can be heard: an old-fashioned "scratchiness" that occurs because the device is working in the quantum regime.

"The amazing thing is that since we have such a sensitive nanoscale system, individual atoms jumping on and off the nanotube cause a perturbation that you can hear," says Zettl. He notes that this effect can be eliminated through the use of a better vacuum.

Because of its small size, the nanoradio could be inserted into a living human cell, opening up the possibility of exciting medical applications for the technology, says Jillian M. Buriak, an expert in nanotechnology at the University of Alberta's chemistry department.

"These carbon nanotubes are so small that we can have a radio-controlled interface with something that is on the same length scale as the basic submachinery of the cell and the basic workings of life," says Buriak.

The nanoradio could be used to see inside cells in real time and under normal conditions, instead of current techniques, which involve "exploding the cells and going in and looking at the remnants," says Buriak.

"This device could allow you to spy on the cell and do things inside the cell at the molecular level, which is really neat," says Buriak, who is currently researching how to enable interactions between individual human neurons and computer chips.

The Lawrence Lab team is currently working on ways to integrate the radio with biological systems, says Zettl.

"We have colleagues here in Berkeley who are experts in cell biology, and aspects of biological interfaces to nano-electromechanical structures, so we're exploring the different possibilities of mating this radio with other systems to take advantage of its size and power," says Zettl.

source http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/11/nanoradio#ixzz0pDkb0e1m
Nanoradio WiFi solution is inside the world's first 3G UMA mobile phone

Nanoradio today announced that its "Always On WiFi"TM solution has been commercially launched inside the world´s first 3G UMA phone. The same "Always On WiFi"TM solution was also recently launched in a 2.5G UMA phone. The two phones, P250 and P270, will both be released by Samsung in multiple countries in Europe, opening up a new world of multimedia services to the UMA operator customer base. The P270 is the first device on the market that combines UMA and 3G network technology.

Fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) using dual mode cellular/Wi-Fi handsets are a rapidly developing market on both sides of the Atlantic. Low power consuming Wi-Fi solutions are a critical enabling technology for this type of applications. The UMA phone requires the WiFi to be active all time in order to receive an incoming or making an outgoing UMA call.

The Nanoradio "Always On WiFi"TM solution - the NRX700/2 Wi-Fi chipset offers fully tested 802.11b/g functionality, featuring ultra-low power consumption enabling unparalleled UMA standby time and UMA talk time. The Nanoradio WiFi solution is doubling the standby and talk time compared to standard UMA phone offerings. This results in that the UMA phone customer can adopt a behaviour of keeping the WiFi Always On, removing the need for a “turn on and off the WiFi behaviour” in order to save battery time.

Tord Wingren, CEO and President of Nanoradio AB, commented, “We are very proud to have launched our WiFi product with a Tier 1 phone manufacturer and a Tier 1 operator, in an environment with extreme requirements on power consumption, stability and output power. We are confident that this experience, in combination with our best in class size and price will be very competitive in other mobile phone applications using WiFi.”

About Nanoradio AB

Nanoradio design semiconductors with wireless capability for the cellular and handheld market where buying decisions relate to power consumption, stability, physical size, and total cost for customers.

Nanoradio has developed the most integrated circuits which bring outstanding WLAN capabilities into mobile phones and consumer multimedia electronics. Nanoradio´s Wi-Fi chips target a range of applications, including mobile phones, wireless network cameras for home surveillance, Portable media Players and gaming devices. Another big area for Nanoradio is the growing fixed-mobile convergence market with dual-mode phones.

The company was founded in March 2004 and it is a "fabless" company which means that all manufacturing is outsourced. Nanoradio has a team of 70 people with extensive experience from the cellular and wireless industry as well as semiconductor industry and start-ups. The head-quarter is in Kista, Sweden and with sales offices in Korea, Japan and USA.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION on Nanoradio solutions, please contact:source
Carl Elgh. Vice President Marketing, carl.elgh@nanoradio.com, Phone: +46 733 941400
Press: Annika Engelhart, Market Communicator, annika.engelhart@nanoradio.com
Information on the company may be found on the World Wide Web at www.nanoradio.com

abduls nanotech device

Nanoelectronics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Part of a series of articles on Nanoelectronics Single-molecule electronics Molecular scale electronics · Molecular logic gate · Molecular wires Solid state nanoelectronics Nanocircuitry · Nanowires · Nanolithography · NEMS · Nanosensor Related approaches Nanoionics · Nanophotonics · Nanomechanics Portal icon Nanotechnology portal v · t · e Part of a series of articles on Nanotechnology History · Organizations · Popular culture · Outline Impact and applications Nanomedicine · Nanotoxicology · Green nanotechnology · Regulation Nanomaterials Fullerenes · Carbon nanotubes · Nanoparticles Molecular self-assembly Self-assembled monolayer · Supramolecular assembly · DNA nanotechnology Nanoelectronics Molecular scale electronics · Nanolithography Nanometrology Atomic force microscopy · Scanning tunneling microscope · Electron microscope · Super resolution microscopy Molecular nanotechnology Molecular assembler · Nanorobotics · Mechanosynthesis Portal icon Nanotechnology portal v · t · e Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively. Some of these candidates include: hybrid molecular/semiconductor electronics, one-dimensional nanotubes/nanowires, or advanced molecular electronics. Recent silicon CMOS technology generations, such as the 22 nanometer node, are already within this regime. Nanoelectronics are sometimes considered as disruptive technology because present candidates are significantly different from traditional transistors. Contents [hide] 1 Fundamental Concepts 2 Approaches to Nanoelectronics 2.1 Nanofabrication 2.2 Nanomaterials Electronics 2.3 Molecular Electronics 2.4 Other Approaches 3 Nanoelectronic Devices 3.1 Computers 3.2 Memory Storage 3.3 Novel Optoelectronic Devices 3.4 Displays 3.5 Quantum Computers 3.6 Radios 3.7 Energy Production 3.8 Medical Diagnostics 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Fundamental Concepts[edit] In 1965 Gordon Moore observed that silicon transistors were undergoing a continual process of scaling downward, an observation which was later codified as Moore's law. Since his observation transistor minimum feature sizes have decreased from 10 micrometers to the 28-22 nm range in 2011. The field of nanoelectronics aims to enable the continued realization of this law by using new methods and materials to build electronic devices with feature sizes on the nanoscale. The volume of an object decreases as the third power of its linear dimensions, but the surface area only decreases as its second power. This somewhat subtle and unavoidable principle has huge ramifications. For example, the power of a drill (or any other machine) is proportional to the volume, while the friction of the drill's bearings and gears is proportional to their surface area. For a normal-sized drill, the power of the device is enough to handily overcome any friction. However, scaling its length down by a factor of 1000, for example, decreases its power by 10003 (a factor of a billion) while reducing the friction by only 10002 (a factor of only a million). Proportionally it has 1000 times less power per unit friction than the original drill. If the original friction-to-power ratio was, say, 1%, that implies the smaller drill will have 10 times as much friction as power; the drill is useless. For this reason, while super-miniature electronic integrated circuits are fully functional, the same technology cannot be used to make working mechanical devices beyond the scales where frictional forces start to exceed the available power. So even though you may see microphotographs of delicately etched silicon gears, such devices are currently little more than curiosities with limited real world applications, for example, in moving mirrors and shutters.[1] Surface tension increases in much the same way, thus magnifying the tendency for very small objects to stick together. This could possibly make any kind of "micro factory" impractical: even if robotic arms and hands could be scaled down, anything they pick up will tend to be impossible to put down. The above being said, molecular evolution has resulted in working cilia, flagella, muscle fibers and rotary motors in aqueous environments, all on the nanoscale. These machines exploit the increased frictional forces found at the micro or nanoscale. Unlike a paddle or a propeller which depends on normal frictional forces (the frictional forces perpendicular to the surface) to achieve propulsion, cilia develop motion from the exaggerated drag or laminar forces (frictional forces parallel to the surface) present at micro and nano dimensions. To build meaningful "machines" at the nanoscale, the relevant forces need to be considered. We are faced with the development and design of intrinsically pertinent machines rather than the simple reproductions of macroscopic ones. All scaling issues therefore need to be assessed thoroughly when evaluating nanotechnology for practical applications. Approaches to Nanoelectronics[edit] Nanofabrication[edit] Main articles: Nanocircuitry and nanolithography For example, single electron transistors, which involve transistor operation based on a single electron. Nanoelectromechanical systems also fall under this category. Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultradense parallel arrays of nanowires, as an alternative to synthesizing nanowires individually.[2][3] Nanomaterials Electronics[edit] Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a single chip, the uniform and symmetrical structure of nanotubes allows a higher electron mobility (faster electron movement in the material), a higher dielectric constant (faster frequency), and a symmetrical electron/hole characteristic.[4] Also, nanoparticles can be used as quantum dots. Molecular Electronics[edit] Main article: Molecular scale electronics Single molecule devices are another possibility. These schemes would make heavy use of molecular self-assembly, designing the device components to construct a larger structure or even a complete system on their own. This can be very useful for reconfigurable computing, and may even completely replace present FPGA technology. Molecular electronics[5] is a new technology which is still in its infancy, but also brings hope for truly atomic scale electronic systems in the future. One of the more promising applications of molecular electronics was proposed by the IBM researcher Ari Aviram and the theoretical chemist Mark Ratner in their 1974 and 1988 papers Molecules for Memory, Logic and Amplification, (see Unimolecular rectifier).[6][7] This is one of many possible ways in which a molecular level diode / transistor might be synthesized by organic chemistry. A model system was proposed with a spiro carbon structure giving a molecular diode about half a nanometre across which could be connected by polythiophene molecular wires. Theoretical calculations showed the design to be sound in principle and there is still hope that such a system can be made to work. Other Approaches[edit] Nanoionics studies the transport of ions rather than electrons in nanoscale systems. Nanophotonics studies the behavior of light on the nanoscale, and has the goal of developing devices that take advantage of this behavior. Nanoelectronic Devices[edit] Current high-technology production processes are based on traditional top down strategies, where nanotechnology has already been introduced silently. The critical length scale of integrated circuits is already at the nanoscale (50 nm and below) regarding the gate length of transistors in CPUs or DRAM devices. Computers[edit] Simulation result for formation of inversion channel (electron density) and attainment of threshold voltage (IV) in a nanowire MOSFET. Note that the threshold voltage for this device lies around 0.45V. Nanoelectronics holds the promise of making computer processors more powerful than are possible with conventional semiconductor fabrication techniques. A number of approaches are currently being researched, including new forms of nanolithography, as well as the use of nanomaterials such as nanowires or small molecules in place of traditional CMOS components. Field effect transistors have been made using both semiconducting carbon nanotubes[8] and with heterostructured semiconductor nanowires.[9] In 1999, the CMOS transistor developed at the Laboratory for Electronics and Information Technology in Grenoble, France, tested the limits of the principles of the MOSFET transistor with a diameter of 18 nm (approximately 70 atoms placed side by side). This was almost one tenth the size of the smallest industrial transistor in 2003 (130 nm in 2003, 90 nm in 2004, 65 nm in 2005 and 45 nm in 2007). It enabled the theoretical integration of seven billion junctions on a €1 coin. However, the CMOS transistor, which was created in 1999, was not a simple research experiment to study how CMOS technology functions, but rather a demonstration of how this technology functions now that we ourselves are getting ever closer to working on a molecular scale. Today it would be impossible to master the coordinated assembly of a large number of these transistors on a circuit and it would also be impossible to create this on an industrial level.[10] Memory Storage[edit] Electronic memory designs in the past have largely relied on the formation of transistors. However, research into crossbar switch based electronics have offered an alternative using reconfigurable interconnections between vertical and horizontal wiring arrays to create ultra high density memories. Two leaders in this area are Nantero which has developed a carbon nanotube based crossbar memory called Nano-RAM and Hewlett-Packard which has proposed the use of memristor material as a future replacement of Flash memory.[citation needed] An example of such novel devices is based on spintronics.The dependence of the resistance of a material (due to the spin of the electrons) on an external field is called magnetoresistance. This effect can be significantly amplified (GMR - Giant Magneto-Resistance) for nanosized objects, for example when two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a nonmagnetic layer, which is several nanometers thick (e.g. Co-Cu-Co). The GMR effect has led to a strong increase in the data storage density of hard disks and made the gigabyte range possible. The so-called tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is very similar to GMR and based on the spin dependent tunneling of electrons through adjacent ferromagnetic layers. Both GMR and TMR effects can be used to create a non-volatile main memory for computers, such as the so-called magnetic random access memory or MRAM.[citation needed] Novel Optoelectronic Devices[edit] In the modern communication technology traditional analog electrical devices are increasingly replaced by optical or optoelectronic devices due to their enormous bandwidth and capacity, respectively. Two promising examples are photonic crystals and quantum dots.[citation needed] Photonic crystals are materials with a periodic variation in the refractive index with a lattice constant that is half the wavelength of the light used. They offer a selectable band gap for the propagation of a certain wavelength, thus they resemble a semiconductor, but for light or photons instead of electrons. Quantum dots are nanoscaled objects, which can be used, among many other things, for the construction of lasers. The advantage of a quantum dot laser over the traditional semiconductor laser is that their emitted wavelength depends on the diameter of the dot. Quantum dot lasers are cheaper and offer a higher beam quality than conventional laser diodes. Fullerene Nanogears - GPN-2000-001535.jpg Displays[edit] The production of displays with low energy consumption might be accomplished using carbon nanotubes (CNT). Carbon nanotubes are electrically conductive and due to their small diameter of several nanometers, they can be used as field emitters with extremely high efficiency for field emission displays (FED). The principle of operation resembles that of the cathode ray tube, but on a much smaller length scale.[citation needed] Quantum Computers[edit] Main article: Quantum computer Entirely new approaches for computing exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for novel quantum computers, which enable the use of fast quantum algorithms. The Quantum computer has quantum bit memory space termed "Qubit" for several computations at the same time. This facility may improve the performance of the older systems.[citation needed] Radios[edit] Nanoradios have been developed structured around carbon nanotubes.[11] Energy Production[edit] Research is ongoing to use nanowires and other nanostructured materials with the hope to create cheaper and more efficient solar cells than are possible with conventional planar silicon solar cells.[12] It is believed that the invention of more efficient solar energy would have a great effect on satisfying global energy needs. There is also research into energy production for devices that would operate in vivo, called bio-nano generators. A bio-nano generator is a nanoscale electrochemical device, like a fuel cell or galvanic cell, but drawing power from blood glucose in a living body, much the same as how the body generates energy from food. To achieve the effect, an enzyme is used that is capable of stripping glucose of its electrons, freeing them for use in electrical devices. The average person's body could, theoretically, generate 100 watts of electricity (about 2000 food calories per day) using a bio-nano generator.[13] However, this estimate is only true if all food was converted to electricity, and the human body needs some energy consistently, so possible power generated is likely much lower. The electricity generated by such a device could power devices embedded in the body (such as pacemakers), or sugar-fed nanorobots. Much of the research done on bio-nano generators is still experimental, with Panasonic's Nanotechnology Research Laboratory among those at the forefront. Medical Diagnostics[edit] There is great interest in constructing nanoelectronic devices[14][15][16] that could detect the concentrations of biomolecules in real time for use as medical diagnostics,[17] thus falling into the category of nanomedicine.[18] A parallel line of research seeks to create nanoelectronic devices which could interact with single cells for use in basic biological research.[19] These devices are called nanosensors. Such miniaturization on nanoelectronics towards in vivo proteomic sensing should enable new approaches for health monitoring, surveillance, and defense technology.[20][21][22] References[edit] 1.Jump up ^ "MEMS Overview". Retrieved 2009-06-06. 2.Jump up ^ Melosh, N.; Boukai, Abram; Diana, Frederic; Gerardot, Brian; Badolato, Antonio; Petroff, Pierre & Heath, James R. (2003). "Ultrahigh density nanowire lattices and circuits". Science 300 (5616): 112–5. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..112M. doi:10.1126/science.1081940. PMID 12637672. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) 3.Jump up ^ Das, S.; Gates, A.J.; Abdu, H.A.; Rose, G.S.; Picconatto, C.A.; Ellenbogen, J.C. (2007). "Designs for Ultra-Tiny, Special-Purpose Nanoelectronic Circuits". IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems I 54 (11): 11. doi:10.1109/TCSI.2007.907864. 4.Jump up ^ Goicoechea, J.; Zamarreñoa, C.R.; Matiasa, I.R.; Arregui, F.J. (2007). "Minimizing the photobleaching of self-assembled multilayers for sensor applications". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 126 (1): 41–47. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.037. 5.Jump up ^ Petty, M.C.; Bryce, M.R.; Bloor, D. (1995). An Introduction to Molecular Electronics. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-19-521156-1. 6.Jump up ^ Aviram, A.; Ratner, M. A. (1974). "Molecular Rectifier". Chemical Physics Letters 29 (2): 277–283. Bibcode:1974CPL....29..277A. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(74)85031-1. 7.Jump up ^ Aviram, A. (1988). "Molecules for memory, logic, and amplification". Journal of the American Chemical Society 110 (17): 5687–5692. doi:10.1021/ja00225a017. 8.Jump up ^ Postma, Henk W. Ch.; Teepen, Tijs; Yao, Zhen; Grifoni, Milena; Dekker, Cees (2001). "Carbon nanotube single-electron transistors at room temperature". Science 293 (5527): 76–79. Bibcode:2001Sci...293...76P. doi:10.1126/science.1061797. PMID 11441175. 9.Jump up ^ Xiang, Jie; Lu, Wei; Hu, Yongjie; Wu, Yue; Yan; Hao & Lieber, Charles M. (2006). "Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as highperformance field-effect transistors". Nature 441 (7092): 489–493. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..489X. doi:10.1038/nature04796. PMID 16724062. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) 10.Jump up ^ Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (2007). Nanocomputers and Swarm Intelligence. London: ISTE. p. 26. ISBN 1-84704-002-0. 11.Jump up ^ Jensen, K.; Jensen, K.; Weldon, J.; Garcia, H. & Zettl A. (2007). "Nanotube Radio". Nano Lett. 7 (11): 3508–3511. Bibcode:2007NanoL...7.3508J. doi:10.1021/nl0721113. PMID 17973438. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) 12.Jump up ^ Tian, Bozhi; Zheng, Xiaolin; Kempa, Thomas J.; Fang, Ying;Yu, Nanfang; Yu, Guihua; Huang, Jinlin & Lieber, Charles M. (2007). "Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources". Nature 449 (7164): 885–889. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..885T. doi:10.1038/nature06181. PMID 17943126. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) 13.Jump up ^ "Power from blood could lead to 'human batteries'". Sydney Morning Herald. August 4, 2003. Retrieved 2008-10-08. 14.Jump up ^ LaVan, D.A.; McGuire, Terry & Langer, Robert (2003). "Small-scale systems for in vivo drug delivery". Nat Biotechnol. 21 (10): 1184–1191. doi:10.1038/nbt876. PMID 14520404. 15.Jump up ^ Grace, D. (2008). "Special Feature: Emerging Technologies". Medical Product Manufacturing News. 12: 22–23. 16.Jump up ^ Saito, S. (1997). "Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Electronics Devices". Science 278 (5335): 77–78. doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.77. 17.Jump up ^ Cavalcanti, A.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Freitas Jr, Robert A. & Hogg, Tad (2008). "Nanorobot architecture for medical target identification". Nanotechnology 19 (1): 015103(15pp). Bibcode:2008Nanot..19a5103C. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/01/015103. 18.Jump up ^ Cheng, Mark Ming-Cheng; Cuda, Giovanni; Bunimovich, Yuri L; Gaspari, Marco; Heath, James R; Hill, Haley D; Mirkin,Chad A; Nijdam, A Jasper; Terracciano, Rosa; Thundat, Thomas & Ferrari, Mauro (2006). "Nanotechnologies for biomolecular detection and medical diagnostics". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 10 (1): 11–19. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.006. PMID 16418011. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) 19.Jump up ^ Patolsky, F.; Timko, B.P.; Yu, G.; Fang, Y.; Greytak, A.B.; Zheng, G.; Lieber, C.M. (2006). "Detection, stimulation, and inhibition of neuronal signals with high-density nanowire transistor arrays". Science 313 (5790): 1100–1104. Bibcode:2006Sci...313.1100P. doi:10.1126/science.1128640. PMID 16931757. 20.Jump up ^ Frist, W.H. (2005). "Health care in the 21st century". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (3): 267–272. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa045011. PMID 15659726. 21.Jump up ^ Cavalcanti, A.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Zhang, M. & Kretly, L.C. (2008). "Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense" (PDF). Sensors 8 (5): 2932–2958. doi:10.3390/s8052932. 22.Jump up ^ Couvreur, P. & Vauthier, C. (2006). "Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease". Pharm. Res. 23 (7): 1417–1450. doi:10.1007/s11095-006-0284-8. PMID 16779701. Further reading[edit] Bennett, Herbert S.; Andres, Howard; Pellegrino, Joan; Kwok, Winnie; Fabricius, Norbert; Chapin, J. Thomas (March–April 2009). "Priorities for Standards and Measurements to Accelerate Innovations in Nano-Electrotechnologies: Analysis of the NIST-Energetics-IEC TC 113 Survey" (PDF). Journal of Research of the National Institutes of Standards and Technology 114 (2): 99–135. doi:10.6028/jres.114.008. Despotuli, Alexander; Andreeva, Alexandra (August–October 2009). "A Short Review on Deep-Sub-Voltage Nanoelectronics and Related Technologies" (PDF). International Journal of Nanoscience (World Scientific Publishing Co.) 8 (4–5): 389–402. Bibcode:2009IJN....08..389D. doi:10.1142/S0219581X09006328. Online course on Fundamentals of Electronics by Supriyo Datta (2008) External links[edit] IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop Virtual Institute of Spin Electronics Site on electronics of Single Walled Carbon nanotube at nanoscale - nanoelectronics Site on Nano Electronics and Advanced VLSI Research Website of the nanoelectronics unit of the European Commission, DG INFSO Nanoelectronics at UnderstandingNano Web site Nanoelectronics - PhysOrg Categories: Nanoelectronics Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Bosanski Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Italiano עברית 日本語 Polski Русский தமிழ் ไทย 中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 29 January 2016, at 14:10. 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nanotube radio

Nanoelectronics Single-molecule electronics Molecular scale electronics · Molecular logic gate · Molecular wires Solid state nanoelectronics Nanocircuitry · Nanowires · Nanolithography · NEMS · Nanosensor Related approaches Nanoionics · Nanophotonics · Nanomechanics Portal icon Nanotechnology portal v · t · e This article is about the radio receiver/transmitter. For the Swedish semiconductor manufacturer, see Nanoradio (company) . A nanoradio is a radio receiver or transmitter constructed on a nanometer scale. Currently only receivers have been developed and they are structured around a carbon nanotube. The first such device was described in October 2007 by a team led by physicist Alex Zettl.[1] The nanotube, about 10 nanometers in diameter and several hundred nanometers long, is contained in a vacuum and one of its ends is connected to an electrode of a battery. The other electrode is placed a short distance from the nanotube's other end. The tube, now charged, will vibrate in tune with any external electromagnetic signal, effectively acting as an antenna. The favorable vibration frequency can be adjusted by changing the applied voltage, which to tune the radio to different carrier frequencies. The field electron emission effect causes a current to flow, as electrons tunnel across the gap between the tube and the second electrode. This current represents an amplified version of the radio signal; no demodulation is necessary.[2][3] References[edit] 1.Jump up ^ Bullis, Kevin (2008-02-25). "TR10: NanoRadio". Technology Review (Cambridge: MIT Technology Review, Inc). Retrieved 2008-02-27.

Nano Radio Technology Solutions

Friday, May 28, 2010

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